Teknologi pertanian masa depan dan peranannya dalam menunjang ketahanan pangan
Abstract
Berbagai permasalahan global di masa mendatang sangat erat kaitannya dengan pertanian, lingkungan, masyarakat dan sumber daya seiring meningkatnya populasi manusia di dunia dan perubahan iklim. Isu-isu tentang pertanian atau pangan meliputi berkurangnya jumlah para petani akibat penuaan dan meningkatnya populasi perkotaan serta hilangnya lahan pertanian karena urbanisasi, penggurunan, akumulasi garam di permukaan tanah, dan kontaminasi tanah dengan zat beracun. Teknologi pertanian di masa mendatang harus dapat membantu meningkatkan pangan secara simultan. Beberapa teknologi dan inovasi yang diprediksi dapat menjadi solusi antara lain pertanian di perkotaan (urban farming), pertanian secara vertical (vertikultur) serta plant factory (perusahaan tanaman terintegrasi), serta alat mesin yang didukung dengan teknologi mutakhir (artificial intelligent), internet of things (IoT) dan pertanian presisi agar dapat menurunkan kebutuhan terhadap sumber daya manusia yang saat ini minat anak muda pada bidang pertanian semakin menurun. Ulasan pada karya tulis ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi terkait peranan teknologi pertanian di masa yang akan datang berdasarkan teknologi yang saat ini sedang dikembangkan serta memberi gambaran mengenai aplikasinya di masa yang akan datang khususnya ketahanan pangan. Teknologi tersebut yang harapannya dapat menunjang kebutuhan pekerjaan-pekerjaan di bidang pertanian yang semakin kompleks dengan memanfaatkan sumberdaya se-efisien mungkin dan hasil produksi yang maksimal sehingga dapat menjaga stabilitas ketahanan pangan di masa yang akan datang.
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